Global Change: Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

Summary

The ozone layer forms a thin shield in the stratosphere, protecting life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Emissions of ozone depleting substances (ODS), used in many sectors such as refrigeration, air- conditioning, foams and fire-fighting, destroy stratospheric ozone. Increased ultraviolet radiation from ozone depletion increases the risk of skin cancer and cataracts, weakens the human immune systems, damages crops and degrades materials such as plastic. The Montreal Protocol on Ozone-Depleting Substances seeks worldwide phase out of the ODS. Scientists confirmed that the Protocol is working and that the ozone layer is on its way to recovery by the year 2050.Science and technology played important roles in the evolution and success of the Protocol. Scientists provided early warning about the issue, discovered the Antarctic Ozone Hole and linked it to CFC emissions and, along with NGOs and media, created awareness. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) facilitated negotiations by governments. Scientific and technological findings provided support to negotiations. Scientific and technological panels of the Protocol verified the performance of and facilitated periodical strengthening of the Protocol. The scientific findings pushed industry to innovation of alternatives to ODS. The Protocol promoted universal participation, early action, continuous learning and progressively tougher action. The Protocol’s Multilateral Fund and its implementing agencies assisted the developing countries through technology transfer, creation of national focal points and networks, training, and introduction of regulations and policies.

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